前言

熟悉hardhat，并发行一个NFT

目标

  • 了解hardhat
  • 了解solidity
  • 使用harhat发行nft
  • 使用ipfs存储你的nft

hardhat是什么

Hardhat是一个便于在以太坊上进行构建的开发环境。它帮助开发人员管理和自动化构建智能合约和dApp的过程中固有的重复任务，以及轻松地围绕此工作流程引入更多功能，并且内置了开发专用以太坊网络，这意味着从根本上进行编译和测试。

前期准备

初始化工程

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mkdir  nft-public

cd nft-public

npm init

npm install --save-dev hardhat

npx hardhat

运行成功之后会生成如下的文件夹

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.
├── README.md
├── contracts                //存放职能合约的目录
│   └── Greeter.sol
├── hardhat.config.js        // hardhar的配置目录，例如solidity的版本等
├── package.json
├── scripts                  // 执行部署合约的脚本
│   └── sample-script.js
├── test                     // 测试代码的目录
│   └── sample-test.js
└── yarn.lock

申请alchemy

![[alchemyapi.io#申请 alchemy 节点]]

注意我们申请的是他的测试网络

获得rinkeby的eth测试代币

FaucETH

Faucets | Chainlink

合约编写

使用openzeppelin

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npm install @openzeppelin/contracts

openzeppelin 是什么？

![[openZeppelin#openZeppelin 是什么]]

合约代码

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol";

contract NFT_WEB3_EXPLORER is ERC721, ERC721Enumerable, Ownable {
    string private _baseURIextended;
    //我们设置最多可以mint1000个
    uint256 public constant MAX_SUPPLY = 5000;
    //每个mint的价格是0EHT
    uint256 public constant PRICE_PER_TOKEN = 0 ether;
    // 设置nft的名字和 symbol
    constructor() ERC721("quantclass_nft", "QUANTCLASS_NFT") {
    }

    function _beforeTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) internal override(ERC721, ERC721Enumerable) {
        super._beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC721, ERC721Enumerable) returns (bool) {
        return super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    function setBaseURI(string memory baseURI_) external onlyOwner() {
        _baseURIextended = baseURI_;
    }

    function _baseURI() internal view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _baseURIextended;
    }

    function mint(uint numberOfTokens) public payable {
        uint256 ts = totalSupply();
        require(ts + numberOfTokens <= MAX_SUPPLY, "Purchase would exceed max tokens");
        require(PRICE_PER_TOKEN * numberOfTokens <= msg.value, "Ether value sent is not correct");

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < numberOfTokens; i++) {
            _safeMint(msg.sender, ts + i);
        }
    }

    function withdraw() public onlyOwner {
        uint balance = address(this).balance;
        payable(msg.sender).transfer(balance);
    }
}

编译合约

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npx hardhat compile

部署合约

在script目录下面复制一份sample-script.js 并重命名为quant-script.js用来部署我们的合约

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// We require the Hardhat Runtime Environment explicitly here. This is optional
// but useful for running the script in a standalone fashion through `node <script>`.
//
// When running the script with `npx hardhat run <script>` you'll find the Hardhat
// Runtime Environment's members available in the global scope.
const hre = require("hardhat");

async function main() {
  // Hardhat always runs the compile task when running scripts with its command
  // line interface.
  //
  // If this script is run directly using `node` you may want to call compile
  // manually to make sure everything is compiled
  // await hre.run('compile');

  // We get the contract to deploy
  const QuantclassNFT = await hre.ethers.getContractFactory("QUANTCLASS_NFT");
  const quantclassNFT = await QuantclassNFT.deploy();

  await quantclassNFT.deployed();

  console.log("Greeter deployed to:", quantclassNFT.address);
}

// We recommend this pattern to be able to use async/await everywhere
// and properly handle errors.
main()
  .then(() => process.exit(0))
  .catch((error) => {
    console.error(error);
    process.exit(1);
  });

配置hardhat

安装env包

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npm install dotenv

在根目录创建 .env 文件

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PRIVATE_KEY = wallet_private_key

API = https://eth-rinkeby.alchemyapi.io/v2/YOUR_API_KEY

打开 hardhat.config.js

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require("@nomiclabs/hardhat-waffle");

// This is a sample Hardhat task. To learn how to create your own go to
// https://hardhat.org/guides/create-task.html
require('dotenv').config();
const { API, PRIVATE_KEY } = process.env;

// You need to export an object to set up your config
// Go to https://hardhat.org/config/ to learn more

/**
 * @type import('hardhat/config').HardhatUserConfig
 */
module.exports = {
  solidity: "0.8.4",
  defaultNetwork: "rinkeby",
  networks: {
    hardhat: {},
    rinkeby: {
      url: API,
      accounts: [`0x${PRIVATE_KEY}`]
    }
  },
};

运行部署

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# 运行部署
npx hardhat --network rinkeby run scripts/quant-script.js

# 部署成功会得到部署成功的合约地址

Greeter deployed to: 0xe7953b8dc8Bb35C8f94F6E906d9269A92bBa8984

0xe7953b8dc8Bb35C8f94F6E906d9269A92bBa8984 ｜ etherscan

就可以在测试网络看到我部署的合约了

EtherScan 认证 （选项）

hardhat-etherscan | Ethereum development environment for professionals by Nomic Foundation

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npm install --save-dev @nomiclabs/hardhat-etherscan

申请enterscanAPI

配置配置文件

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module.exports = {
  networks: {
    mainnet: { ... }
  },
  etherscan: {
    // Your API key for Etherscan
    // Obtain one at https://etherscan.io/
    apiKey: "YOUR_ETHERSCAN_API_KEY"
  }
};
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npx hardhat verify --network mainnet DEPLOYED_CONTRACT_ADDRESS

部署成功之后，就能在0xe7953b8dc8Bb35C8f94F6E906d9269A92bBa8984 ｜ etherscan 看到你自己的合约的各种方法了，以上为了测试方便，我已经将合约认证和上传了。

设置NFT资源

之前部署合约，我们预留了接口，可以让我们设置nft的资源。

查看ERC721的资源URL设置，是以资源的 baseURL + tokenId 进行拼接

配置资源

在目录下面创建文件夹

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mkdir res
cd res
mkdir img
mkdir metadata

上传资源到ipfs

如果不想配置ipfs可以直接使用
Pinmanager | Pinata 进行上传，上传之后获得图片地址
然后拼接成 metadata的文件并上传
文件如下

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{
    "name": "quantclass-nft",
    "attributes": [
        {
            "trait_type": "tokenID",
            "value": "0"
        }
    ],
    "description": "quantclass image",
    // image url
    "image": "ipfs://QmQMsCrchFpHZvVk1v4S11damsqw29seiZWy3m9BYcqfEu/0.png"
}

metadata文件

设置合约NFT图片信息

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require("dotenv").config()
const hre = require("hardhat");
const PRIVATE_KEY = process.env.PRIVATE_KEY
const API = process.env.API


const provider = new hre.ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider(API);
//编译完成合约会自动生成
const abi = require("../artifacts/contracts/QuantclassNFT.sol/QUANTCLASS_NFT.json").abi
const contractAddress = "0xe7953b8dc8Bb35C8f94F6E906d9269A92bBa8984"
const contract = new hre.ethers.Contract(contractAddress, abi, provider)
const wallet = new hre.ethers.Wallet(PRIVATE_KEY, provider)
// metadata 地址
const baseURI = "ipfs://Qmart71tekfPvNdAUSDzffKSU2cnLqnCqbuZdfBSdJdPWq/0"

async function main() {
  const contractWithSigner = contract.connect(wallet);
  //调用setBaseURI方法
  const tx = await contractWithSigner.setBaseURI(baseURI)
  console.log(tx.hash);
  await tx.wait();
  console.log("setBaseURL success");
}

main()
  .then(() => process.exit(0))
  .catch((error) => {
    console.error(error);
    process.exit(1);
  });

测试mintNFT

合约地址 QUANTCLASS_NFT | Address 0xe7953b8dc8Bb35C8f94F6E906d9269A92bBa8984 | Etherscan

使用小狐狸进行mint

查看NFT

参考

如何发行一款NFT(上) — explorer_of_web3

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